Doxey's Irridex ‘‘Irritation Index’’
The most well known theory on how hosts and guests interact, directly related to the
theory of culture shock, is Doxey’s Irridex or ‘‘Irritation Index’’ (Doxey, 1976).
According to Doxey’s theory, when there is no touristic activity in the region, hosts
are curious and interested in tourists (Euphoria stage); tourists arewelcome, and hosts
are delighted and excited about tourists’ presence. However, when the number of
tourists increases, they are taken for granted; contact between tourists and hosts
becomes more formal and locals become indifferent towards tourists; they do not
know whether to welcome tourists or not (Apathy stage). When the number of tourists
reaches maximumlevel, tourism development reaches the saturation stage and the rate
of tourism growth is expected to be even higher, hosts become concerned over price
rises, crime, and tourist rudeness, and cultural rules being broken and eventually
irritated by tourists’ presence; tourists are perceived as an annoyance (Irritation or
Annoyance stage). When tourists are blamed for all wrongdoings in the host society,
and are seen as lacking human values, hosts become hostile towards them. Hosts
start to believe tourists can be exploited (Antagonism or Hostility stage). Eventually,
hosts call for actions which would offset the negative impacts of tourism development
What do you think ? In which stage is Cambodia ?
Doxey's Index of Irritation
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
Although Doxey’s (1975) Irridex has been currently
regarded as one of the most influential works addressing
the relationships between tourism development and
residents’ responses (Mason and Cheyne, 2000), some
limitations of the model have been recognised. One of
the most significant limitations is the fact that it is a
unidirectional model and was intended to represent the
existing disposition of a host community in its entirety
(Wall and Mathieson, 2006). Additionally, by recognising
that the model assumes a degree of homogeneity in a
community and therefore ignores intrinsic factors
associated with the community members, it has been
acknowledged that the model cannot explain in detail the
variations among residents within the same community
(Zhang
et al
., 2006). Furthermore, the model fails to
address the situations where visitor management schemes
may help to reduce tourist pressures or where the local
community may participate more in directing tourism
development (Shaw and Williams, 2002)
http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/104/10415104.pdf
regarded as one of the most influential works addressing
the relationships between tourism development and
residents’ responses (Mason and Cheyne, 2000), some
limitations of the model have been recognised. One of
the most significant limitations is the fact that it is a
unidirectional model and was intended to represent the
existing disposition of a host community in its entirety
(Wall and Mathieson, 2006). Additionally, by recognising
that the model assumes a degree of homogeneity in a
community and therefore ignores intrinsic factors
associated with the community members, it has been
acknowledged that the model cannot explain in detail the
variations among residents within the same community
(Zhang
et al
., 2006). Furthermore, the model fails to
address the situations where visitor management schemes
may help to reduce tourist pressures or where the local
community may participate more in directing tourism
development (Shaw and Williams, 2002)
http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/104/10415104.pdf
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
From the OP, which stage is reached when the road ahead of you is blocked by a Chinese tour bus parked in the middle of the road for a shopping stop?
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
I'd say stage 3 or 4
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
Just wanted to point out that some places are probably more agressive than others. People in the countryside and in small villages still seem entertained to see a barang. IME the places where the buses stop for food are some of the worst.
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
Ahhh, I'd say that's too general - not wrong but too general. Of course people living somewhere in Mondulkiri will show a different attitude towards foreigners, but most foreigners live in PP, Snooky, SR and perhaps Kampot.
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
Ok, in general, people are more friendly when there are low numbers of foreigners IME.Advocatus Diaboli wrote:Ahhh, I'd say that's too general - not wrong but too general. Of course people living somewhere in Mondulkiri will show a different attitude towards foreigners, but most foreigners live in PP, Snooky, SR and perhaps Kampot.
It's also likely that locals in places like Sen Monorom(which is more or less just a village), manage to make the distinction between expats and tourists, and treat them differently. It doesn't take long for people in a small town to know who you are.
No matter how long you live in Sihanoukville, most foreigners are just seen as another foreigner. You can't know everyone. That said, when you speak even a little ( badly pronounced) Khmer and you are friendly and not defensive, the reaction quite often is "Oh you live in Cambodia ?" Sometimes this helps to stop the hard-sell on the beach, or at least helps to transform you from $tourist$ to person. (But not always LOL.)
OT: I have rarely seen reactions of irritation from Cambodians, but since it would not be polite to show this, maybe all these nice people that I meet are secretly plotting my beheading when the next revolution comes along.
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
LOL i know what you mean. So hard to tell what they are thinking sometimes. Some are, some aren't I expect is the real answer.Anchor Moy wrote:Ok, in general, people are more friendly when there are low numbers of foreigners IME.Advocatus Diaboli wrote:Ahhh, I'd say that's too general - not wrong but too general. Of course people living somewhere in Mondulkiri will show a different attitude towards foreigners, but most foreigners live in PP, Snooky, SR and perhaps Kampot.
It's also likely that locals in places like Sen Monorom(which is more or less just a village), manage to make the distinction between expats and tourists, and treat them differently. It doesn't take long for people in a small town to know who you are.
No matter how long you live in Sihanoukville, most foreigners are just seen as another foreigner. You can't know everyone. That said, when you speak even a little ( badly pronounced) Khmer and you are friendly and not defensive, the reaction quite often is "Oh you live in Cambodia ?" Sometimes this helps to stop the hard-sell on the beach, or at least helps to transform you from $tourist$ to person. (But not always LOL.)
OT: I have rarely seen reactions of irritation from Cambodians, but since it would not be polite to show this, maybe all these nice people that I meet are secretly plotting my beheading when the next revolution comes along.
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
i dunno... i'm quite well known in sihanoukville amongst the khmers, even random tuk tuk drivers know my name lol i find it a rather small place tbh, but thats why i like it, but yeah knowing some khmer does help you break those barriers, and stop the hasslers.Anchor Moy wrote:No matter how long you live in Sihanoukville, most foreigners are just seen as another foreigner. You can't know everyone. That said, when you speak even a little ( badly pronounced) Khmer and you are friendly and not defensive, the reaction quite often is "Oh you live in Cambodia ?" Sometimes this helps to stop the hard-sell on the beach, or at least helps to transform you from $tourist$ to person. (But not always LOL.)
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Re: Doxey's Index of Irritation
I think Cambodia and Thailand, more than any other countries I have lived in, have made me aware of the fact that a smile does not mean happiness.
It's possible to smile while sharpening a knife.
It's possible to smile while sharpening a knife.
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